本書主要從供給與需求、企業(yè)行為與產(chǎn)業(yè)組織、長期經(jīng)濟(jì)增長與短期經(jīng)濟(jì)波動以及宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策等角度深入淺出地講述了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基本原理。以最淺顯易懂的方式闡釋了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)最基本的思想, 強調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理的應(yīng)用和政策分析。書中還提供了大量案例, 以說明經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理在現(xiàn)實經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的應(yīng)用。本書為宏觀部分內(nèi)容。
		
	
       為了適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的發(fā)展趨勢,滿足國內(nèi)廣大讀者了解、學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒國外先進(jìn)的管理經(jīng)驗和掌握經(jīng)濟(jì)理論前沿動態(tài)的需要,清華大學(xué)出版社與國外著名出版公司合作影印出版一系列英文版經(jīng)濟(jì)管理方面的圖書。我們所選擇的圖書,基本上是已再版多次、在國外深受歡迎并被廣泛采用的優(yōu)秀教材,是該領(lǐng)域中具有*性的經(jīng)典之作。
	  preface
	  “Economicsisastudyofmankindintheordinarybusinessoflife.”SowroteAlfredMarshall,thegreat19th-centuryeconomist,inhistextbook,
	  PrinciplesofEconomics.Althoughwehavelearnedmuchabouttheeconomy
	  sinceMarshall’stime,thisdefinitionofeconomicsisastruetodayasit
	  wasin1890,whenthefirsteditionofhistextwaspublished.
	  Whyshouldyou,asastudentatthebeginningofthe21stcentury,embarkon
	  thestudyofeconomics?Therearethreereasons.
	  Thefirstreasontostudyeconomicsisthatitwillhelpyouunderstandthe
	  worldinwhichyoulive.Therearemanyquestionsabouttheeconomythatmight
	  sparkyourcuriosity.WhyareapartmentssohardtofindinNewYorkCity?Why
	  doairlineschargelessforaround-tripticketifthetravelerstaysoveraSaturday
	  night?WhyisJohnnyDepppaidsomuchtostarinmovies?Whyarelivingstan-
	  dardssomeagerinmanyAfricancountries?Whydosomecountrieshavehigh
	  ratesofinflationwhileothershavestableprices?Whyarejobseasytofindin
	  someyearsandhardtofindinothers?Thesearejustafewofthequestionsthata
	  courseineconomicswillhelpyouanswer.
	  Thesecondreasontostudyeconomicsisthatitwillmakeyouamoreastute
	  participantintheeconomy.Asyougoaboutyourlife,youmakemanyeconomic
	  decisions.Whileyouareastudent,youdecidehowmanyyearstostayinschool.
	  Onceyoutakeajob,youdecidehowmuchofyourincometospend,howmuch
	  tosave,andhowtoinvestyoursavings.Somedayyoumayfindyourselfrunning
	  asmallbusinessoralargecorporation,andyouwilldecidewhatpricestocharge
	  foryourproducts.Theinsightsdevelopedinthecomingchapterswillgiveyou
	  anewperspectiveonhowbesttomakethesedecisions.Studyingeconomicswill
	  notbyitselfmakeyourich,butitwillgiveyousometoolsthatmayhelpinthat
	  endeavor.
	  Thethirdreasontostudyeconomicsisthatitwillgiveyouabetterunderstand-
	  ingofboththepotentialandthelimitsofeconomicpolicy.Economicquestions
	  arealwaysonthemindsofpolicymakersinmayors’offices,governors’mansions,
	  andtheWhiteHouse.Whataretheburdensassociatedwithalternativeformsof
	  taxation?Whataretheeffectsoffreetradewithothercountries?Whatisthebest
	  waytoprotecttheenvironment?Howdoesagovernmentbudgetdeficitaffect
	  theeconomy?Asavoter,youhelpchoosethepoliciesthatguidetheallocationof
	  society’sresources.Anunderstandingofeconomicswillhelpyoucarryoutthat
	  responsibility.Andwhoknows:Perhapssomedayyouwillendupasoneofthose
	  policymakersyourself.
	  Thus,theprinciplesofeconomicscanbeappliedinmanyoflife’ssituations.
	  Whetherthefuturefindsyoureadingthenewspaper,runningabusiness,orsit-
	  tingintheOvalOffice,youwillbegladthatyoustudiedeconomics.
	  N.GregoryMankiwDecember2010
	
 
	  ToCatherine,Nicholas,andPeter,
	  myothercontributionstothenextgeneration
	  author
	  iv
	  aboutthe
	  N.GregoryMankiwisprofessorofeconomicsat
	  HarvardUniversity.Asastudent,hestudiedeconomics
	  atPrincetonUniversityandMIT.Asateacher,
	  hehastaughtmacroeconomics,microeconomics,
	  statistics,andprinciplesofeconomics.Heeven
	  spentonesummerlongagoasasailinginstructor
	  onLongBeachIsland.
	  ProfessorMankiwisaprolificwriterandaregular
	  participantinacademicandpolicydebates.His
	  workhasbeenpublishedinscholarlyjournals,such
	  astheAmericanEconomicReview,JournalofPolitical
	  Economy,andQuarterlyJournalofEconomics,andin
	  morepopularforums,suchasTheNewYorkTimes
	  andTheWallStreetJournal.Heisalsoauthorof
	  thebest-sellingintermediate-leveltextbookMacroeconomics(WorthPublishers).
	  Inadditiontohisteaching,research,andwriting,ProfessorMankiwhasbeena
	  researchassociateoftheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch,anadvisertothe
	  CongressionalBudgetOfficeandtheFederalReserveBanksofBostonandNew
	  York,andamemberoftheETStestdevelopmentcommitteefortheAdvanced
	  Placementexamineconomics.From2003to2005,heservedaschairmanofthe
	  President’sCouncilofEconomicAdvisers.
	  ProfessorMankiwlivesinWellesley,Massachusetts,withhiswife,Deborah,
	  threechildren,Catherine,Nicholas,andPeter,andtheirborderterrier,Tobin.
	  v
	  tothestudentpreface
	  Economicsisastudyofmankindintheordinarybusinessoflife.”So
	  wroteAlfredMarshall,thegreat19th-centuryeconomist,inhistextbook,
	  PrinciplesofEconomics.Althoughwehavelearnedmuchabouttheeconomy
	  sinceMarshall’stime,thisdefinitionofeconomicsisastruetodayasit
	  wasin1890,whenthefirsteditionofhistextwaspublished.
	  Whyshouldyou,asastudentatthebeginningofthe21stcentury,embarkon
	  thestudyofeconomics?Therearethreereasons.
	  Thefirstreasontostudyeconomicsisthatitwillhelpyouunderstandthe
	  worldinwhichyoulive.Therearemanyquestionsabouttheeconomythatmight
	  sparkyourcuriosity.WhyareapartmentssohardtofindinNewYorkCity?Why
	  doairlineschargelessforaround-tripticketifthetravelerstaysoveraSaturday
	  night?WhyisJohnnyDepppaidsomuchtostarinmovies?Whyarelivingstandards
	  someagerinmanyAfricancountries?Whydosomecountrieshavehigh
	  ratesofinflationwhileothershavestableprices?Whyarejobseasytofindin
	  someyearsandhardtofindinothers?Thesearejustafewofthequestionsthata
	  courseineconomicswillhelpyouanswer.
	  Thesecondreasontostudyeconomicsisthatitwillmakeyouamoreastute
	  participantintheeconomy.Asyougoaboutyourlife,youmakemanyeconomic
	  decisions.Whileyouareastudent,youdecidehowmanyyearstostayinschool.
	  Onceyoutakeajob,youdecidehowmuchofyourincometospend,howmuch
	  tosave,andhowtoinvestyoursavings.Somedayyoumayfindyourselfrunning
	  asmallbusinessoralargecorporation,andyouwilldecidewhatpricestocharge
	  foryourproducts.Theinsightsdevelopedinthecomingchapterswillgiveyou
	  anewperspectiveonhowbesttomakethesedecisions.Studyingeconomicswill
	  notbyitselfmakeyourich,butitwillgiveyousometoolsthatmayhelpinthat
	  endeavor.
	  Thethirdreasontostudyeconomicsisthatitwillgiveyouabetterunderstanding
	  ofboththepotentialandthelimitsofeconomicpolicy.Economicquestions
	  arealwaysonthemindsofpolicymakersinmayors’offices,governors’mansions,
	  andtheWhiteHouse.Whataretheburdensassociatedwithalternativeformsof
	  taxation?Whataretheeffectsoffreetradewithothercountries?Whatisthebest
	  waytoprotecttheenvironment?Howdoesagovernmentbudgetdeficitaffect
	  theeconomy?Asavoter,youhelpchoosethepoliciesthatguidetheallocationof
	  society’sresources.Anunderstandingofeconomicswillhelpyoucarryoutthat
	  responsibility.Andwhoknows:Perhapssomedayyouwillendupasoneofthose
	  policymakersyourself.
	  Thus,theprinciplesofeconomicscanbeappliedinmanyoflife’ssituations.
	  Whetherthefuturefindsyoureadingthenewspaper,runningabusiness,orsitting
	  intheOvalOffice,youwillbegladthatyoustudiedeconomics.
	  N.GregoryMankiw